Common deciding factor: COST

book says best picks are: licensing, ASP, users

have skilled IT developers in your own organization, make what you need

Pros: possibly cheaper, good use of resources, inside knowledge, customized, strategic advantage, technology works for you not other way around

Cons: long time to build, depletes up resources, compatibility lower, management is tough

Commission development to other org

Hire services of other company

Custom designed apps

Purchased software usually licensed

Pros: immediate availability, high quality, low price, support options

Cons: loose fit of needs and features, modification difficult, vendor bankruptcy, vendor employee turnover

look for in vendor: quality/reliability, product performance, after-sale service and support, trustworthiness, price/performance, ease of doing business, stanards support, openness of strategies and plans, financial stability

org that offers software hosted and run by the vendor

Software as a Service (SaaS): often on the web, interfaced with webpages

Pros: no need to maintain, no startup fee, no local hardware, available sooner, good for small companies

Cons: lack of control, slow transaction response times, security risks higher, scope of services, reliability

non-programming users write their own applications

small, simple, maintainable, spreadsheets, access

develop this way if: users have the skill, app is small, needed soon, can be maintained by users

Pros: shortened lead times, good fit to needs, efficient resources, free up IT staff

Cons: support is low, compatibility is low, access to it and security is at risk, poorly developed, duplication, poor documentation

‘term’ is a group of words having a particular meaning.

‘concept’ is an idea, operationally the parent node of some children.

‘hierarchy’ is an organization with one concept at the top and with several concepts below each other concept.

‘facet’ is any of the definable aspects of a concept, and operationally, is used to refer to the children of the root node of the classification.

Allows one to filter or narrow down results on a search; often operational logic is used (if, and, or, not)

( ( investm*<in>metadata ) <or> ( financ*<in>metadata ) ) <and> (pyr >= 2001 <and> pyr <= 2004)

Hierarchical ‘visualization’ of concept, and facets.

Assigning categorization from thesauraus

Decide, based on content, what concept and facet a piece of information belongs to

Success depends on quality of decisions, large amts of info, lots of processing

expert systems in combo provide optimal solutions

Intelligence phase: collect info

Design phase: methods designed

Choice phase: select from alternatives

Model: representation of reality

Data: manipulate into higher level abstractions where you can predict future outcomes

Structured problem: optimal solution can be reached, algorithm to solve, clear cut

Unstructured Problem: no algorithm to follow

Helps select solution, reduces costs, increases profit, enhances product quality

provides data for intelligence phase

database, select by criteria

data warehouses, marts, ERP systems

data into useful information

fixed, dynamic, or collection

patterns of behavior useful, usually based on mathematical equations

uses: truck routing, store placement, ticket pricing, linear regression (putting line to data)

user interaction

user interface, sometimes on internet

results: textual, tabular, graphical

ComputstatDB Module, Research Insight Dialogue Modules

“what if analysis”, parameters effect outcomes differently, outcomes effected by more than one parameter

can perform on multiple parameters simultaneously

operations analysis or mathematical optimality used here??

from expert who has knowledge

Knowledge base: used by ES

Inference Engine: combine user input w/ data relationships

Neural networks: mimic human brain learning

decision aid for map-related decisions, data on maps by physical region

lots of online resources, google maps, etc

HealthCare 20% of GNP

Health IS vs management IS, specialized vs general, clinical & health vs general mgmt

Healthcare subsystems

Rising costs, inflation

Medical errors

Success case analysis

patient accounting, scheduling, finance, and strategic ISs

admission, medical record, order entry

medical record IMPORTANT: attribute-value pair.

order entry: action that needs to take place, get prescription, have nurse check patient hrly, etc

pathology

pharmacy

radiology

indemnity - choice of doctor, send bill to insurance; ppo is HMO + choice

health maintenance - HMO, pre-arranged fee, in-network of providers

government - medicare medicaid, military, vets

CMS Centers for Medicare/aid Services

BCBS BlueCrossBlueShield

BCBS has more control over who is enrolled

Brits imposed more regulations originally

followed by control of business operations by govt during industrial rev

followed by corporate internal controls in 1960’s

Wiley got businesses to join anti-business rules by offering self-serving interests:

HIPAA provided codification, standards, modularization req’s

compliance within corporations

#1 white collar crime is health fraud

intentional misrepresentation

false claims act - whistleblower to tell on bad transactions, normal citizen

coding of ailment types is to be standardized, but can be abused

fraud detection software

HIPAA privacy rule - came from standardized claims process. they knew digital claims = more acccessibility

Notice of Privacy practices - health plans provide notice

Uses and disclosures

Access to information - pereson has a right to his or her medical record; can charge a handling/copy fee only

Administration - training, documented that you are compliant

Dramatic growth in number of health related jobs - from 1 per 186 in 1910 to 1 per 25 in 2000

growth of allied health professionals (supporting people)

leader of health care team, independant

bigger the system, higher the cost

24/7 hours

operations, and general support

develops an IS vision for the org

trend is to have medical AND technical CIO

reports to CEO often

stories: business expertise is common link

higher than mine